Frank Warnock      Financial Sector Development

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For related research and our MBA course, see the Markets in Human Hope site.

BOND MARKETS

A study of bond markets in over 40 countries that shows that there is no quick way to develop a deep bond market. It takes a commitment to stable macroeconomic policies and an adherence to the rule of law (and laws that protect creditors, in particular). While bond market development takes time, counter to the 'original sin' view it isn't impossible.
 
Burger, J., and F. Warnock, 2006. Local Currency Bond Markets. IMF Staff Papers 53: 115-132.

One aspect of a well-developed bond market is its ability to attract outside investors. This series of papers assesses the ability of countries to attract U.S. investors to their local currency bond markets.

  Burger, J., F. Warnock, and V. Warnock, 2012. Investing in local currency bond markets. Financial Analysts Journal 68(40): 73-93.
  Burger, J., F. Warnock, and V. Warnock, 2008. Ingredients of a Well-Functioning Capital Market. Korea's Economy 24: 31-38.
  Burger, J., and F. Warnock, 2007. Foreign participation in local currency bond markets.  Review of Financial Economics 16: 291-304.    
 
  Burger, J., and F. Warnock, 2006. Foreign Participation in Emerging Asian Bond Markets. Korea's Economy
22: 24-28.

See also Global Emerging Markets Local Currency Bond Fund (
GEMLOC), a program initiated by the World Bank and IFC.
 

HOUSING FINANCE SYSTEMS

A study of mortgage markets in 62 countries that highlights the important role of (among other things) deep credit information systems in the development of housing finance systems:
  Warnock, V., and F. Warnock, 2008. Markets and Housing Finance. Journal of Housing Economics 17: 239-251. Previously released as NBER WP 13081. Talk: Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas Roundtable on Property Sector in the Philippines. Forum: Taking Stock of Housing and Housing Finance in the Philippines ADB-AIM Knowledge Hub
  Warnock, V., and F. Warnock, 2012. "Developing Housing Finance Systems" RBA/BIS Annual Conference Volume (Dec 2012).

Housing Finance in Latin America & the Caribbean: What is holding it back?
 
A research program initiated by the Inter-American Development Bank that seeks to describe the current state and evolution of the national system of housing finance in Latin America and the Caribbean, as well as associated current and past government policy initiatives. The project will study both the outcomes (the state of the housing finance system) and inputs (primarily policy actions, as well as other country characteristics including but not limited to market or government failures). The project also aims to explain the extent of development of the housing finance system, to assess the effectiveness of the housing finance system, and to identify where further reform and policy changes are needed.

Housing the Newly Banked: Credit Scoring for Housing Micro Lenders
 
While Markets and Housing Finance concentrated on mortgage markets (that is, collateralized home loans), a large portion of the world's population cannot access such a loan. Instead, they are served by housing micro lenders (HMLs) who specialize in smaller, non-collateralized home loans. Can HMLs be profitable and sustainable? In this project Veronica Cacdac Warnock and Frank Warnock partnered with Development Innovations Group, FinMark Trust, and many lenders and government entities in South Africa to explore whether a non-standard credit scoring system can improve the risk assessment (and, by extension, profitability) of housing micro lenders.
Short Description of Project:
Warnock, V., and F. Warnock, 2007. Why Credit Scoring for Housing Micro Lenders? in Access Housing 2007 No. 7 pgs. 6-7 (FinMark Trust).
Presentation: "Credit Scoring for Housing Micro Lenders," at the Rural Home Loan Fund's Annual Workshop Housing Microfinance as mechanism of accelerating housing delivery (Johannesburg, South Africa).